There are a large number of types of medical analyzes, which are used in various medical fields, such as assessing the health status of the individual, diagnosing the incidence of many diseases and health problems, detecting genetic diseases, and identifying the efficiency of the functioning of body organs such as the kidneys and liver. In this article, we will talk about Some types of medical tests in some detail.
Types of medical tests
lab tests
complete blood count
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| Types of medical tests |
A complete blood count (CBC) is a test that measures the cells that make up blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, and is used to diagnose anemia and to detect health problems that cause headaches. Fever and fatigue, and to follow the effect of treatments and medications such as: chemotherapy, and it is worth noting that this type of examination does not require any prior preparation.
urine test
It is a set of physical, chemical and microscopic tests, which measure certain substances in the urine, such as: glucose, protein, bilirubin, red blood cells, white blood cells, crystals, bacteria, and others, and helps diagnose and monitor many diseases, such as: kidney problems and infection Urinary tract, or if some symptoms appear, such as: abdominal pain, back and frequent urination, in addition to its use in a pregnancy test,
Such as: abdominal pain, back and frequent urination, in addition to its use in the pregnancy test, and in cases of follow-up before undergoing surgery, and to obtain an accurate result, the woman is advised to clean the area well before giving the sample, and the man should wipe the tip of the penis before starting to urinate, and it should not be taken The sample is at the beginning of the urination process, but rather in the middle of it, and it is sent to the laboratory within a short period. But in the event that the arrival of the sample took more than an hour, the urine sample must be cooled or inquired of the specialized technician.
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| Blood chemistry tests |
Blood chemistry tests
Blood sugar checks
It is called checking blood glucose levels, as glucose is a type of sugar, in some cases blood glucose levels may rise significantly and this condition may be a symptom of diabetes, or it may drop below its normal levels and cause major health problems such as: brain damage if not done Treatment, it may be necessary to fast for eight hours before the test, and in another type of sugar test, such as: checking sugar levels in a pregnant woman, a sugary drink is drunk one hour before the blood is drawn.
Cholesterol and fat check
A lipid test is commonly used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease, and it is necessary to fast for 9-12 hours before a blood sample is drawn. This type of test detects total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein). ), high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and experts recommend monitoring cholesterol levels every five years, and routinely. As advised by the doctor.
Kidney function tests
Kidney function analysis is used to identify and diagnose problems in the kidneys, or in cases of diseases that may damage the kidneys, such as: diabetes and high blood pressure, and these tests include: [7] Serum creatinine test, which checks the accumulation of creatinine in In the blood, the kidneys completely filter creatinine from the blood. In the event of an increase in the level of creatinine, it may be an indication of a problem in the efficiency of the kidneys’ work.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test: Checks for waste products in the blood, and measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood. Renal filtration rate (GFR) test: This test measures how well the kidneys filter waste.
hormonal examinations
Hormones have many basic functions in the human body. If any hormonal imbalance occurs in the body, whether the level of one of the hormones becomes more or less than the normal limit, and even if it is slight, this may have serious effects on the health and functions of the body, and some symptoms begin to appear, which indicates a difference Regarding hormone levels, the doctor orders hormonal blood tests such as: levels of thyroid hormones, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, and others.
Immunological tests measure the antibodies that the immune system makes to fight infections such as: bacteria and viruses, which give the doctor important information about the functioning of the immune system and autoimmune diseases. These tests reveal:
IgA: found in mucous membranes, saliva and tears.
IgG Immunoglobulin: Found in all body fluids, it protects the body from bacterial and viral infections.
Immunoglobulin IgM: It is found mainly in the fluid and lymphatic blood.
Immunoglobulin E: mainly associated with allergic reactions.
IgD: This is the antibody that is least present in the blood.
Liver function tests
Liver function tests are blood tests that determine whether the liver is working properly or not, and these tests include: Serum bilirubin test: a test that measures levels of bilirubin in the blood, which is made by the liver, and high levels of it indicate an obstruction in the flow of bile, and thus Possibility of a liver problem, serum albumin test: This test measures the level of protein in the blood, or as it is called albumin. If the test result is less than normal, it indicates that the liver may have a problem.
Coagulation time test: This test measures the time it takes for blood to clot, and since the blood clotting process requires vitamin K and protein that are manufactured in the liver, an increase in clotting time may indicate the presence of diseases in the liver, in addition to enzyme tests that give indications of how well the clotting time is working. liver; Alanine aminotransferase: This enzyme is elevated in case of viral hepatitis and some other liver diseases, and it may rise before symptoms of the disease appear.